Which theoretical approach focuses on the interplay between the individual and their environment?

The correct choice, Ecological Systems Theory, emphasizes the interconnectedness of individuals and their environments. This approach recognizes that human behavior cannot be understood in isolation but rather is influenced by various systems surrounding the individual, including family, community, societal structures, and cultural context. Developed by Urie Bronfenbrenner, this theory introduces multiple layers of environment, from immediate settings, such as family and school, to broader influences, such as economic and policy factors.

This holistic perspective is essential in social work, as practitioners assess how these external factors impact an individual's experiences and challenges, guiding interventions that consider not only the individual but also their environmental contexts. By focusing on these interactions, social workers can better understand and address the complexities of clients' lives.

The other theories mentioned, while valuable in their own right, do not primarily center on the relationship between individuals and their broader environments. Behavioral Theory focuses more on observable behaviors and the influence of reinforcement and punishment. Cognitive Dissonance Theory addresses the discomfort felt when holding conflicting beliefs, and Attachment Theory examines the bonds formed between individuals, primarily within the context of early childhood and caregiver relationships.